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An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bitstream) or data into a code. The code may serve any of a number of purposes such as compressing information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a programmed algorithm, especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry.

An encoder has 2n input lines and n output lines.The output lines generate a binary code corresponding to the input value. For example a single bit 4 to 2 encoder takes in 4 bits and outputs 2 bits. It is assumed that there are only 4 types of input signals these are&_160; 0001, 0010, 0100, 1000.

The encoder has the limitation that only one input can be active at any given time. If two inputs are simultaneously active, the output produces an undefined combination. To prevent this we make use of the priority encoder.

A priority encoder is such that if two or more inputs is given at the same time, the input having the highest priority will take precedence. An example of a single bit 4 to 2 encoder is shown.

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