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Adi Shankara (Malayalam ??? ????????, Devanagari ??? ?????, Adi Sa?kara, pronounced [a?d?i ?a?k?r?]); (see below) (509 BC - 477 BC) also known as Sa?kara Bhagavatpadacarya, and Adi Sa?karacarya was an Indian philosopher who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta, a sub-school of Vedanta. His teachings are based on the unity of the soul and Brahman, in which Brahman is viewed as without attributes. In the Smarta tradition, Adi Shankara is regarded as an incarnation of Shiva. Shankara travelled across India to propagate his philosophy through discourses and debates with other thinkers. He founded four mathas ("monasteries"), which helped in the historical development, revival and spread of post-Buddhist Hinduism and Advaita Vedanta. Adi Shankara is believed to be the founder of the Dashanami monastic order and the Shanmata tradition of worship. His works in Sanskrit, all of which are extant today, concern themselves with establishing the doctrine of Advaita (Nondualism). Adi Shankara quotes extensively from the Upanishads and other Hindu scriptures in support of his philosophy. Also, his works contain arguments against opposing schools of thought like Samkhya and Buddhism. The traditional accounts of Adi Shankara's life can be found in the Shankara Vijayams, which are poetic works that contain a mix of biographical and legendary material, written in the epic style. The most important among these biographies are the Madhaviya Sa?kara Vijaya? (of Madhava, c. 14th century), the Cidvilasiya Sa?kara Vijaya? (of Cidvilasa, c. between 15th century and 17th century), and the Keraliya Sa?kara Vijaya? (of the Kerala region, extant from c. 17th century).[2][3]
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